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Editorial Policies

The Journal follows the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) Recommendations for the Publication of Scholarly Work in Journals.
Submission of a manuscript to the journal implies that all authors have read and agreed to its content and that the manuscript conforms to the journal’s policies.

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The journal does not accept adverts from third parties.

Affiliations

Authors are obliged to cite all pertinent affiliations to provide evidence of approval, sponsorship, and/or participation in the research. For non-research articles, authors need to specify their current institutional affiliation. In case an author relocates before publication, they should acknowledge both their previous and current affiliations, alongside contact information, in the acknowledgment section. If authors meet the authorship requirements, their change of affiliation does not justify their removal from the publication.

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Appeals and complaints

Any complaints, issues, or appeals related to authorship matters or the peer-review process, including those raised after publication, should be directed to the Editors-in-Chief. They will investigate the concerns by first seeking information from all involved parties and then suggesting a course of action that aligns with academic ethical principles outlined by the Committee on Publishing Ethics (COPE; https://publicationethics.org/). The submission process may be paused during the review or publication stages until the issues are resolved. In cases where Editors-in-Chief are implicated in the complaint, the Editorial Board members, led by the most senior member, will handle the investigation, and recommend appropriate actions.

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Acknowledgment

People who contributed to the creation of a manuscript but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be recognized. Additionally, organizations that offered financial assistance or other resources should be acknowledged.

Authorship

Including authors' names in an article serves as a crucial means of acknowledging those who have made substantial contributions to the work and ensures transparency regarding those accountable for the content's integrity. Authors listed in an article must fulfill all of the following requirements:

  1. Authors listed in an article must fulfill all of the following requirements: Made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that’s in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis, and interpretation, or in all these areas.
  2. Have drafted or written, substantially revised, or critically reviewed the article.
  3. Have agreed on the journal to which the article will be submitted.
  4. Reviewed and agreed on all versions of the article before submission, during revision, the final version accepted for publication, and any significant changes introduced at the proofing stage.
  5. Agree to take responsibility and be accountable for the contents of the article and to share the responsibility to resolve any questions raised about the accuracy or integrity of the published work.

Any alterations to authorship, whether occurring before or after publication, necessitate the consent of all authors, including those being added or removed. The corresponding author bears the responsibility of obtaining confirmation from all co-authors and providing a comprehensive explanation for the necessity of the change. In the event that a modification to authorship is deemed necessary after the article's publication, it will be rectified through a post-publication notification. All modifications to authorship must adhere to our authorship criteria, and requests for significant alterations to the authorship roster subsequent to article acceptance may be declined if clear justifications and evidence of author contributions are not provided.

Authorship Criteria

Authorship attribution should rely solely on significant contributions to each of the three elements outlined below:

  1. Concept and design of study or acquisition of data or analysis and interpretation of data.
  2. Drafting the article or revising it critically for important intellectual content; and
  3. Final approval of the version to be published.

Involvement solely in obtaining funding or gathering data is insufficient to warrant authorship. Merely overseeing the research group in a general capacity does not meet the criteria for authorship. Each contributor must have made substantial contributions to the work, enabling them to publicly assume responsibility for specific sections of the manuscript. The sequence of authorship should reflect the respective contributions of each individual to the study and the manuscript's composition. Once submitted, the sequence cannot be altered without the written consent of all contributors. The journal sets a maximum limit for the number of authors based on factors such as manuscript type, scope, and institutional involvement. Authors should provide justification if the number of authors exceeds these limits.

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Contribution Details

Contributors are required to furnish a breakdown of their contributions to the manuscript. These contributions should be categorized into the following areas, where applicable: conceptualization, design, intellectual content definition, literature review, clinical studies, experimental studies, data acquisition, data analysis, statistical analysis, manuscript drafting, manuscript editing, and manuscript review. The authors' individual contributions will be documented alongside the article. At least one author should assume responsibility for the overall integrity of the work, from its inception to publication, and should be identified as the 'guarantor(s)'.

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Citations

Research articles must reference pertinent, current, and authenticated literature, with preference given to peer-reviewed sources where applicable, to substantiate any assertions put forth in the article. It is imperative to refrain from excessive and inappropriate self-citation or collusive agreements among author groups to improperly cite each other's work, as such actions may constitute citation manipulation, a form of misconduct. Please consult the COPE guidance on citation manipulation . As the author of a non-research article (e.g., a Review or Opinion), it is essential to ensure that the references cited offer relevance and present an impartial and comprehensive overview of the present state of research or scholarly work pertaining to the subject matter. References should not exhibit unfair bias towards any research group, organization, or journal. Should there be uncertainty regarding whether to cite a source, authors are encouraged to seek guidance from the journal's editorial office.

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Conflicts of Interest/ Competing interests

You and all your co-authors are required to disclose any competing interests that are pertinent to, or may be perceived as pertinent to, the article.

  • A competing interest can occur where you (or your employer, sponsor or family/friends) have a financial, commercial, legal, or professional relationship with other organizations, or with the people working with them which could influence the research or interpretation of the results.
  • Competing interests can be financial or non-financial in nature. To ensure transparency, you must also declare any associations which can be perceived by others as a competing interest.

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Sponsorship of clinical trials

Conflicts of interest (COIs), also referred to as 'competing interests,' arise when external factors may reasonably be seen to influence the impartiality or objectivity of the research or its evaluation. It is imperative to disclose potential conflicts of interest, regardless of whether they influenced the work, to facilitate informed decisions. Typically, such disclosures do not impede publication or participation in the review process.

If uncertain, it is advisable to disclose potential conflicts of interest or discuss them with the editorial office. Failure to declare interest may result in penalties. Submissions with undisclosed conflicts that are subsequently revealed may be rejected. Published articles may require reevaluation, publication of a corrigendum, or in severe cases, retraction.

Conflicts of Interest encompass:

  • Financial conflicts, including funding, payments, goods, or services received or anticipated by the authors related to the subject matter, or from an entity with a vested interest in the research outcome.
  • Affiliations, such as employment by, advisory board membership in, or association with an organization having a stake in the research outcome.
  • Intellectual property rights, including patents or trademarks owned by the individual or their organization.
  • Personal relationships, encompassing friendships, familial ties, or other close personal connections.
  • Academic conflicts, involving competitors or individuals whose work is being critiqued.

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Corrections, expressions of concern, and retractions

Modifications to a published article require approval from the journal editor. The editor will determine the extent of the corrections necessary. Minor corrections are implemented directly into the original article. However, significant corrections will result in the preservation of the original article alongside the publication of the corrected version. Both versions will be cross-referenced with each other. Additionally, a statement explaining the rationale behind the major modification will be included. If deemed necessary, articles may be retracted in accordance with COPE retraction guidelines.

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For any manuscripts containing information or images pertaining to an individual, written consent for publication of such details must be obtained from the individual themselves (or from their parent or legal guardian if they are under 18 years of age). This consent must specifically authorize the publication of their details under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, making them freely accessible on the internet. In cases where the individual is deceased, consent for publication must be obtained from their next of kin. The manuscript must include a statement confirming that written informed consent for publication was obtained. Authors may utilize a consent form provided by their institution or region, if applicable. This form must explicitly indicate that the details/images will be freely accessible on the internet and may be viewed by the public. Upon request, the consent form must be provided to the Editor and will be handled confidentially.

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Confidentiality

A submitted manuscript is considered confidential material, and Academic Journals will maintain its confidentiality. Manuscripts will only be disclosed to individuals involved in the processing and preparation of the manuscript for publication, should it be accepted. These individuals may include editorial staff, corresponding authors, potential reviewers, actual reviewers, and editors. However, in cases where misconduct is suspected, the manuscript may be shared with members of Academic Journals' ethics committees and relevant institutions or organizations involved in addressing such misconduct. Academic Journals will adhere to the appropriate COPE flowcharts as needed.

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Who Can Submit?

Anyone may submit an original manuscript to be considered for publication in Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials provided he or she owns the copyright to the work being submitted or is authorized by the copyright owner or owners to submit the manuscript. Authors are the initial owners of the copyrights to their works before publication (an exception in the non-academic world to this might exist if the authors have, as a condition of employment, agreed to transfer copyright to their employer).

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User Rights

Eurasian Journal of Physics and Functional Materials is an Open Access journal. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles under the following conditions:CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Copyright statement stated here and embedded in each published article

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Open Access Policy

The journal is an Open Access journal. Users have the right to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles under the following conditions: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This license allows readers to copy, distribute and transmit, to alter, transform or build upon the Contribution, and to use the article for commercial purposes as long as it is attributed back to the author and the source, ie. the original author(s) and the source is given appropriate credit to.

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Author Rights

This journal uses a non-exclusive licensing agreement. Authors will assign copyright to L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University beside publishing and distribution rights.

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Data falsification/fabrication

Intentional efforts to inappropriately manipulate or fabricate data constitute a severe form of misconduct intended to deceive others and undermine the integrity of scholarly research, leading to significant and enduring consequences.

Authors submitting manuscripts to the journal are required to verify the accuracy of all data presented and ensure that it faithfully represents their work. To aid in manuscript assessment, authors are expected to maintain all original data referenced in their manuscripts. Failure to produce the original data upon request may result in the rejection or retraction of a manuscript or published paper.

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Desk rejection policy

  1. The topic / scope of the study is not relevant to the field of the Journal.
  2. There are publication ethics problems, non-adherence to international standard guidelines, and plagiarism (set at a similarity index of higher than 10 percent).
  3. The topic does not have a sufficient impact, nor does it sufficiently contribute new knowledge to the field.
  4. There are flaws in the study design.
  5. The objective of the study is not clearly stated.
  6. The study of the organization is problematic and/or certain components are missing.
  7. There are problems in writing or series infelicities of in the style of grammar.
  8. The manuscript does not follow the submission guidelines of the Journal.

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Duplicate submission/publication

Authors must affirm upon submission that their manuscript is not concurrently under review elsewhere, making the identification of duplicate submissions or publications typically indicative of intentional behavior. This encompasses articles previously published in a different language. For permissible forms of secondary submissions or publications, such as translating an article into English, authors must adhere to ICMJE guidelines. This entails obtaining permission from the original article's publisher and copyright holder and informing the Editor of the receiving journal about the article's prior publication history. Additionally, it should be explicitly stated to readers that the article is a translated version, with proper citation provided for the original article.

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Funding

The journal mandates that authors disclose all sources of funding, including financial backing, in their manuscript. Authors should delineate the role of the sponsor(s), if applicable, throughout the stages from study design to manuscript submission for publication. Additionally, authors should specify if the sponsor(s) had no involvement in these stages. It is imperative to ensure the accuracy of this information and align it with the requirements of your funding body.

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Images and figures

Only include images and figures in your article if they contribute relevance and value to the reported work. Avoid incorporating purely illustrative content that does not enhance the scholarly contribution. As part of the Journal Author Publishing Agreement, you are obligated to secure written permission to include copyrighted material owned by third parties in your article. This includes, but is not limited to, proprietary text, illustrations, tables, or other materials, such as data, audio, video, film stills, screenshots, musical notation, and supplementary material.

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Misconduct

The journal takes all forms of misconduct seriously and will take all necessary action, in accordance with COPE guidelines, to protect the integrity of the scholarly record.

Examples of misconduct include (but are not limited to):

  • Affiliation misrepresentation
  • Breaches in copyright/use of third-party material without appropriate permissions
  • Citation manipulation
  • Duplicate submission/publication
  • “Ethics dumping”
  • Image or data manipulation/fabrication
  • Peer review manipulation
  • Plagiarism
  • Text-recycling/self-plagiarism
  • Undisclosed competing interests
  • Unethical research

Duplicate Submission:

Manuscripts that are found to have been published elsewhere, or to be under review elsewhere, will incur duplicate submission/publication sanctions. If authors have used their own previously published work, or work that is currently under review, as the basis for a submitted manuscript, they are required to cite the previous work and indicate how their submitted manuscript offers novel contributions beyond those of the previous work.

Citation Manipulation:

Submitted manuscripts that are found to include citations whose primary purpose is to increase the number of citations to a given author’s work, or to articles published in a particular journal, will incur citation manipulation sanctions.

Data Fabrication and Falsification:

Submitted manuscripts that are found to have either fabricated or falsified experimental results, including the manipulation of images, will incur data fabrication and falsification sanctions.

Improper Author Contribution or Attribution:

All listed authors must have made a significant scientific contribution to the research in the manuscript and approved all its claims. It is important to list everyone who made a significant scientific contribution, including students and laboratory technicians.

Redundant Publications:

Redundant publications involve the inappropriate division of study outcomes into several articles.

Image Manipulation:

When deliberate action is taken to inappropriately manipulate or fabricate an image, it constitutes a serious form of misconduct aimed at deceiving others and undermining the integrity of scholarly records, leading to widespread and long-lasting consequences. The journal requires that all images included in manuscripts be accurate and devoid of manipulation. Alterations to specific features within an image, such as enhancement, obscuration, movement, removal, or introduction, must be clearly disclosed. Adjustments to brightness, contrast, or color balance are permissible as long as they do not obscure, eliminate, or misrepresent the original information. Combining images from different sections of gels, western blots, or microscope images must be clearly indicated in the figure arrangement or legend. Failure to produce the original, unedited images upon request may result in the rejection or retraction of the manuscript or paper.

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Publication Ethics

The journal and its editorial board fully adhere to and comply with the policies and principles of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

Duties of Editors

Publication decisions

The editorial board of the journal is responsible for deciding which of the articles submitted to the journal should be published. Members of the board confer and refer to reviewer recommendations in making this decision, constrained by legal requirements related to libel, copyright infringement, and plagiarism. Editorial decisions are not affected by the origins of the manuscript, including the nationality, ethnicity, political beliefs, race, or religion of the authors.

Confidentiality, disclosure, and conflicts of interest

During the review process, editors must not disclose information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, and other editorial advisers. Unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript must not be used in an editor's, reviewers’, or any other reader’s own research without the express written consent of the author. Readers should be informed about who has funded the research or other scholarly work and whether the funders had any role in the research and its publication and, if so, what this was.

Author relations

Editors strive to ensure that peer review at the journal is fair, unbiased, and timely. The journal has established policies for handling submissions from editorial board members to ensure unbiased review. Author instructions provide guidance about the criteria for authorship.

Reviewer relations

The Journal encourages reviewers to comment on ethical questions and possible misconduct raised by submissions (e.g. unethical research design, and inappropriate data manipulation), and to be alert to redundant publication and plagiarism. Reviewers’ comments should be sent to authors in their entirety unless they contain offensive or libelous remarks. Contributions of reviewers to the journal are regularly acknowledged and cease to use reviewers who consistently produce discourteous, poor quality, or late reviews.

Quality assurance

Editors should take all reasonable steps to ensure the quality of the material they publish, recognizing that different sections have different aims and standards. Editors should seek assurances that the research they publish has been approved by an appropriate body (e.g. research ethics committee, institutional review board) where one exists. Editors should be alert to intellectual property issues and work with their publishers to handle potential breaches of laws and conventions. Errors, inaccurate, or misleading statements must be corrected promptly and with due prominence.

Duties of Reviewers

Contribution to editorial decisions

Reviewers assist the editorial board in making editorial decisions. Reviews should be conducted objectively, and observations should be formulated clearly with supporting arguments so that authors can use them for improving the paper. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate.

Qualification of reviewers

Any selected referee who feels unqualified to review the research reported in a manuscript or knows that its prompt review will be impossible should notify the editor and excuse himself from the review process. Reviewers should not consider manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest resulting from competitive, collaborative, or other relationships or connections with any of the authors, companies, or institutions connected to the papers.

Confidentiality

Any manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents. Privileged information or ideas obtained through peer review must be kept confidential and not used for personal advantage.

Acknowledgment of sources

Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors. References to the ideas of others should be accompanied by the relevant citation. A reviewer should also call to the editor's attention any substantial similarity or overlap between the manuscript under consideration and any other published paper of which they have personal knowledge.

Duties of Authors

Reporting standards

Authors of reports of original research should present an accurate account of the work performed as well as an objective discussion of its significance. Underlying data should be represented accurately in the paper. Authors should be prepared to provide public access to raw data in connection with a paper and retain such data for at least two years after publication. Fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements constitute unethical behavior and are unacceptable.

Originality, plagiarism, and concurrent publication

Authors should ensure their work is entirely original and that any work and/or words of others have been appropriately acknowledged. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable. Submitting essentially the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.

Disclosure and conflicts of interest

All authors should disclose in their manuscript any financial or other substantive conflicts of interest that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed.

Authorship of the paper

The corresponding author should ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included in the paper and that all co-authors have seen and approved the final version of the paper and have agreed to its submission for publication. All those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the research project should be acknowledged or listed as contributors.

Fundamental errors in published works

When an author discovers a significant error or inaccuracy in the published work, it is the author’s obligation to promptly notify the journal editor and work with the editor to retract or correct the paper.

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Peer review process

All manuscripts are subjected to peer review and are expected to meet the standards of academic excellence. If approved by the editor, submissions will be considered by peer reviewers, whose identities will remain anonymous to the authors and vice versa, identities of authors will remain anonymous to the reviewers (Double-blind peer review). The decision regarding the acceptance or rejection of a manuscript is the responsibility of the editorial board and is based on the recommendations of the reviewers (peer-reviewed process).

Our Research Integrity team will occasionally seek advice outside standard peer review, for example, on submissions with serious ethical, security, biosecurity, or societal implications. We may consult experts and the academic editor before deciding on appropriate actions, including but not limited to recruiting reviewers with specific expertise, assessment by additional editors, and declining to further consider a submission.

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Plagiarism

The journal maintains a stringent policy against plagiarism, wherein the use of others' ideas, language, or work without proper acknowledgment is not tolerated. Submissions found to contain plagiarism, whether in whole or in part, as well as instances of duplicate or redundant publication, or self-plagiarism (in the same or different languages), will be rejected. Notably, publication in the Preprint archive will not be deemed as duplicate publication.

The corresponding author assumes responsibility for the manuscript throughout and after the evaluation and publication process and is empowered to act on behalf of all co-authors. All submitted manuscripts undergo plagiarism detection using professional software. Manuscripts with an unacceptable similarity index indicative of plagiarism are promptly rejected upon identification.

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Preprints policy

Authors can share their preprint anywhere at any time. If accepted for publication, we encourage authors to link from the preprint to their formal publication via its Digital Object Identifier (DOI). Authors can update their preprints on arXiv or RePEc, etc. with their accepted manuscript.

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Protection of Patients' Rights to Privacy

Identifying information should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, sonograms, CT scans, etc., and pedigrees unless the information is essential for scientific purposes and the patient (or parent or guardian, wherever applicable) gives informed consent for publication. Authors should remove patients' names from figures unless they have obtained informed consent from the patients. The journal abides by ICMJE guidelines:

  1. Authors, not the journals nor the publisher, need to obtain the patient consent form before publication and have the form properly archived. The consent forms are not to be uploaded with the cover letter or sent through email to editorial or publisher offices.
  2. If the manuscript contains patient images that preclude anonymity or a description that has an obvious indication of the identity of the patient, a statement about obtaining informed patient consent should be indicated in the manuscript.

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Research ethics and consent

All original research papers involving humans, animals, plants, biological materials, protected or non-public datasets, collections, or sites must include a dedicated Ethics Approval section with the following details:

  • The names of the ethics committee(s) or institutional review board(s) involved.
  • The number or ID of the ethics approval(s).
  • A confirmation that informed consent was obtained from human participants prior to their involvement in the research.

For research involving animals, adherence to ethical standards regarding animal welfare is mandatory. Therefore, all original research papers involving animals must:

  • Adhere to international, national, and institutional guidelines for the humane treatment of animals.
  • Obtain approval from the ethics review committee at the institution or practice where the research was conducted. This section should include details of the approval process, names of the ethics committee(s) or institutional review board(s) involved, and the corresponding approval number or ID.
  • Provide justification for the use of animals and the species selected.
  • Offer information on housing, feeding, environmental enrichment, and efforts made to minimize suffering.
  • Specify the methods of anesthesia and euthanasia employed.
  • Failure to meet the aforementioned requirements regarding ethical approval and animal welfare will result in rejection of the research.

Research involving humans

If the research involves human subjects, the author must ensure that it adheres to The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki) for experiments involving humans. The manuscript should also align with the Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals, striving to include representative human populations in terms of sex, age, and ethnicity as per these recommendations. Additionally, it is essential to use the terms "sex" and "gender" accurately.

Approval for all protocols must be obtained from the authors' institutional or relevant ethics committee (Institutional Review Board, IRB) to ensure compliance with national and international guidelines. Submission of an article requires providing details of this approval, including the institution, review board name, and permit number(s). It is imperative to obtain ethics approval before conducting the research, as retrospective approval is typically not feasible and may preclude publication.

Authors are expected to include a statement in the manuscript confirming that informed consent was obtained from human subjects for experimentation. Furthermore, the privacy rights of human subjects must be respected at all times.

Research involving animals

All animal experiments must adhere to the ARRIVE guidelines and be conducted in compliance with relevant regulations, such as the U.K. Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act, 1986, and associated guidelines, EU Directive 2010/63/EU for animal experiments, or the National Research Council's Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.

Authors must explicitly state in the manuscript that these guidelines were followed. The sex of animals must be specified, and if applicable, the influence or association of sex on the study results should be addressed.

Experiments involving vertebrates or regulated invertebrates must be conducted in accordance with ethical guidelines provided by the authors' institution and national or international regulations. When applicable, the manuscript should include a statement indicating ethics permission granted or animal licenses obtained. Furthermore, authors must confirm that all efforts were made to minimize animal suffering and provide details on how this was achieved.

Research involving plants

Research involving plants must adhere to the guidelines established by the authors' institution and applicable national or international regulations. If necessary, the manuscript should include a statement confirming permissions obtained or licenses acquired. Authors are also expected to comply with the provisions outlined in the Convention on Biological Diversity and the Convention on the Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.

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Standards of reporting

Research should be communicated in a way that supports verification and reproducibility, and as such, we encourage authors to provide comprehensive descriptions of their research rationale, protocol, methodology, and analysis.

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Use of third-party material

You are required to obtain permission to reuse third-party material in your article. This material may encompass various types, such as text, illustrations, photographs, tables, data, audio, video, film stills, screenshots, or musical notation. Limited use of short text excerpts and certain other types of material is typically allowed for purposes of criticism and review without formal permission. However, if you intend to include any material in your paper for which you do not hold copyright and which does not fall under this informal agreement, you must obtain written permission from the copyright owner before submitting the manuscript.

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Use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in writing

Please note the policy only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyze and draw insights from data as part of the research process.

Authors who incorporate AI and AI-assisted technologies into their writing process should do so with the intention of enhancing readability and language, rather than substituting essential authoring tasks such as generating scientific, pedagogic, or medical insights, drawing scientific conclusions, or offering clinical recommendations. The application of this technology should always be under human oversight and control, and all work should be subjected to careful review and editing. AI has the potential to produce content that sounds authoritative but may be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. Ultimately, authors bear the responsibility and accountability for the content they produce.

Authors must openly disclose their use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in their manuscripts, and a statement to this effect will be included in the published work. Such transparency fosters trust among authors, readers, reviewers, editors, and contributors and ensures compliance with the terms of use for the relevant tools or technologies.

Authors should refrain from attributing authorship to AI or listing AI as a co-author. Authorship entails responsibilities and tasks that can only be fulfilled by humans. Each author is responsible for addressing inquiries regarding the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work and for approving the final version of the work and consenting to its submission. The authors also have a duty to ensure the originality of the work, that the stated authors meet the criteria for authorship, and that the work does not infringe upon the rights of third parties.

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